It includes the total number of patients (N) within the COPD population, as well as the breakdown of patients based on their smoking status: non-smokers, ex-smokers, and current smokers. The data is further categorized by country, providing insights into smoking prevalence across different regions. -Frequency
counts give the number of patients in each smoking category, while percentages show how smoking status is distributed within the COPD population and across countries. This information can help identify patterns of tobacco use and inform public health interventions aimed at reducing smoking prevalence among COPD patients.

It presents the total number of patients (N) within the COPD population and the distribution of patients across different dyspnea grades. – The frequency counts provide a detailed breakdown of the number of patients experiencing each dyspnea grade, ranging from Grade 0 (only experiencing breathlessness with strenuous exercise) to Grade 4 (too breathless to leave the house). This comprehensive categorization enables a clear understanding of the distribution of dyspnea severity within the COPD population, delineating the spectrum of symptom severity. Additionally, percentages offer insights into the proportion of patients experiencing each level of dyspnea severity, both overall and within each country. This information can aid in identifying the prevalence of dyspnea and its impact on COPD patients’ quality of life across various regions.

It includes both overall statistics and country-specific data, offering insights into the distribution of blood eosinophil counts (BEC) across different regions. – The frequency counts provide valuable insights into the distribution of blood eosinophil levels within the COPD population, categorizing patients into different categories such as BEC < 100 cells/uL, 100 cells/uL ≤ BEC ≤ 300 cells/uL, and BEC > 300 cells/uL. Additionally, percentages offer further understanding by indicating the proportion of patients within each blood eosinophil level category, both overall and within each country. This information can aid in identifying patterns of eosinophilic inflammation and its potential implications for COPD management across various regions.

Frequency: The frequency counts provide the number of patients falling within each COPD GOLD grade such as, GOLD FEV1% predicted ≥80%, GOLD 2: FEV1 % predicted 50-79% , GOLD 3: FEV1% predicted 30-49% ,GOLD 4: FEV1 % predicted

Baseline refers to the initial measurement or assessment taken at the beginning of a study or intervention. Here baseline %FEV1 measurement represents the lung function level at the start of the study or intervention. Postbaseline
refers to measurements or assessments taken after a certain period following the baseline assessment. Here, post-baseline measurements are typically taken at specific time points after the initiation of treatment or intervention.

P-value: – The p-value is calculated using statistical tests such as the paired t-test or Wilcoxon signed-rank test to
determine the significance of the observed change in %FEV1 from baseline to post-baseline.

– A low p-value (<0.05) indicates that the observed change is statistically significant, suggesting that there is a real